Abstract: Cellulose, lignin, fir sawdust and walnut shell were used as the start materials. Graphitization procedure after carbonization was carried out at 1 400℃ with the assistant of Ni. X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman spectra and high resolution transparent electron microscopy(HRTEM) were used to evaluate the results of graphitization. The results showed that cellulose played a important role during the graphitization of biomass. Under the same treat progress, cellulose based product had the highest graphitic degree while lignin had the lowest graphitic degree, and both fir sawdust and walnut shell had the graphitic degree between those of the cellulose and lignin. The obvious difference of graphitic degree might be caused by the difference of the structures of different materials. The conductivity of cellulose based product was measured to be 54 S/cm while that of lignin based product was 31 S/cm, corresponding to the graphitic degree. The graphitic degree of the cellulose/lignin mixture based product was between those of the cellulose and lignin, and the mass ratio had little effect on the graphitic degree.